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### 905-D: Electromagnetic Spectrum 2

• Topic Cluster: Waves
• Topic: The Electromagnetic Spectrum: Quantitative
• Objective: Memorize the Electromagnetic Spectrum and colors as a single spectrum in order from longest to shortest wavelength; relate different waves using the terms wavelength, frequency, and energy (short answer).
• Content: The electromagnetic spectrum can be broken into six invisible waves and six visible colors; these categories have different wavelength, frequency, and energy; all electromagnetic waves have the same speed.
• Level: 2

#### BACK to Ladder The Electromagnetic Spectrum: Quantitative

In a previous pod, we learned to describe the seven types of electromagnetic waves using the quantities of frequency and wavelength. In this section, we will learn to discuss waves using the energy of photons and to merge the six colors into the boarder electromagnetic spectrum.

#### Part 1: Photons of Color

All light comes in tiny pieces called photons. The color red is made from photons of red light, the color blue is made from photons of blue light, etc.

Each photon has four quantities that make it work how it does: wavelength, frequency, energy, and speed.

Here is how they work:

• Wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional.
When wavelength is longer, frequency is lower.
When wavelength is shorter, frequency is higher.
• Frequency and energy are directly proportional.
When frequency is higher, energy is higher.
When frequency is lower, energy is lower.
• Wavelength and energy are inversely proportional.
• All photons have the same speed, $$3.0 \cdot 10^8 \text{m/s}$$, regardless of what color they are.

This table shows how wavelength, frequency, and photon energy are related for each color:

1. True or false? All light waves have the same speed.
2. True or false? All light waves have the same photon energy.
3. Light waves come in tiny pieces called ____________________.
4. When wavelength is longer, the photon energy is _______________________.
5. When wavelength is shorter, the photon energy is _________________________.
6. Compare red waves and green waves:
A red wave has a __________________ wavelength, a ___________________ frequency, and a _________________ photon energy than a green wave, but the _______________________ speed.
7. Compare blue waves and yellow waves:
A blue wave has a __________________ wavelength, a ___________________ frequency, and a _________________ photon energy than a yellow wave, but the _______________________ speed.
8. Compare orange waves and red waves:
An orange wave has a __________________ wavelength, a ___________________ frequency, a _________________ photon energy than a red wave, but the _______________________ speed.
9. Using the terms wavelength, frequency, photon energy, and speed, compare red waves and violet waves.
10. Using the terms wavelength, frequency, photon energy, and speed, compare blue waves and green waves.
11. Using the terms wavelength, frequency, photon energy, and speed, compare orange waves and yellow waves.

#### Part 2: Photons of Electromagnetic Waves

The full electromagnetic spectrum is make do seven types of electromagnetic wave: radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light waves, ultraviolet waves, X-Ray waves, and gamma ray waves. The same principles that applied to the six colors apply to these waves.

• All electromagnetic waves come in tiny pieces called photons. Every photon has a specific wavelength, frequency, and energy that make it act the way it does.
• Frequency and energy are directly proportional.
• Wavelength is inversely proportional to both frequency and energy.
• All photons, of all electromagnetic waves, move at the same speed: $$3 \cdot 10^8 \text{m/s}$$.

The table below shows how the seven types of waves are related in terms of wavelength, frequency, photon energy, and speed:

1. Using the terms wavelength, frequency, photon energy, and speed, compare microwaves and ultraviolet waves.
2. Using the terms wavelength, frequency, photon energy, and speed, compare radio waves and infrared waves.
3. Using the terms wavelength, frequency, photon energy, and speed, compare ultraviolet waves and infrared waves.

#### Part 3: The Full Spectrum:

The electromagnetic spectrum we learned, with seven different waves different waves, is not the full story! It gets more complicated because the visible light waves can be broken into the six colors: Of the six colors, red has the longest wavelength and the lowest frequency, and violet has the shortest wavelength and the highest frequency. However, red still has a higher frequency than infrared, and violet still has a lower frequency than ultraviolet

This table shows how all 12 electromagnetic waves are related:

Altogether, these 12 waves are called The Electromagnetic Spectrum. The Electromagnetic Spectrum consists of six visible waves and six invisible waves.

All of the waves are made of photons of a certain wavelength, frequency, and energy. All photons have the same speed. But only six of the photons are visible, and some are invisible.

1. Copy the 12 types of electromagnetic waves, including the six invisible types and the six colors, from longest wavelength to shortest wavelength. (I know its repetitive, but copying does help you remember!)
2. In the list you made above, circle the six visible colors and underline the six invisible waves.
3. True or false? We can see every electromagnetic wave.
4. True or false? We can see none of the electromagnetic waves.
5. True or false? We can see only some of the electromagnetic waves.
6. Using the terms wavelength, frequency, photon energy, and speed, compare green light waves and microwaves waves.
7. Using the terms wavelength, frequency, photon energy, and speed, compare blue light waves and gamma ray waves.
8. Using the terms wavelength, frequency, photon energy, and speed, compare red light waves and infrared waves.
9. Using the terms wavelength, frequency, photon energy, and speed, compare violet light waves and ultraviolet waves.
##### Bonus Facts!
• Infrared waves have a frequency just below red, and the word infrared literally means below red in Latin.
• Ultraviolet waves have a frequency just above violet, and the word ultraviolet literally means above violet in Latin.